Ethidium homodimer 1, red fluorescent nucleic acid stain
| Cat. # | Quantity | Price | Lead time | Buy this product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3562-1mg | 1 mg |
$172.00
|
in stock |
Ethidium Homodimer 1 (EthD-1) is a high-affinity, red fluorescent nucleic acid dye impermeant to live cells and widely used to identify dead cells in biological research.
EthD-1 is a dimeric analog of ethidium bromide, consisting of two ethidium moieties linked by a rigid bridge. Due to its large size and charged (dicationic) structure, EthD-1 cannot enter living cells with healthy membranes. In cells with compromised membrane integrity (dead or late-stage apoptotic cells), EthD-1 passively enters the cytoplasm and nucleus, where it intercalates into double-stranded nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and exhibits a massive fluorescence enhancement (>40-fold) upon binding.
The EthD-1 red emission is easily distinguishable from green fluorescent probes (e.g., GFP, FITC, Calcein, LUCS® 9, LUCS® 13), blue Hoechst stains, and far-red dyes (LDS 751, LUCS® 5), enabling easy multiplexing.
EthD-1 is a standard dead-cell indicator in the viability and cytotoxicity assays, most commonly paired with green fluorescent live-cell stain like Calcein AM, LUCS® 9, or LUCS® 13. It is also used as a counterstain in fluorescence microscopy.
Note that, while highly specific for dead cells in short-term assays, prolonged exposure can lead to its uptake by live cells, as it is mildly cytotoxic and can eventually permeabilize membranes.
Excitation and emission spectra of dsDNA complex with Ethidium homodimer 1
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General properties
| Appearance: | dark red-violet solid |
| Molecular weight: | 856.77 |
| CAS number: | 61926-22-5 |
| Molecular formula: | C46H50Cl4N8 |
| Solubility: | methanol, water, DMSO |
| Quality control: | NMR 1H and HPLC-MS (90+%) |
| Storage conditions: | 24 months after receival at -20°C in the dark. Transportation: at room temperature for up to 3 weeks. Desiccate. |
| MSDS: | Download |
| Product specifications |
Spectral properties
| Excitation/absorption maximum, nm: | 529 |
| Emission maximum, nm: | 613 |
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